Hydrodynamics and oxygen balance in a high-rate algal pond

As for any other system used in wastewater treatment, it is important to kn ow the mixing characteristics and net oxygen balance in high-rate algal pon ds (HRAPs). The design of HRAPs obviously is conducive to plug flow, but wi th a large recirculation flow rate. The pond's treatment capacity will also depend on the net oxygen balance resulting from photosynthesis and respira tion. In order to define an appropriate model describing the oxygen balance in the system, two techniques are respectively used for determining the hy drodynamic parameters and oxygen transfer coefficients of HRAPs.