Background-Cardiac vagal predominance increases the RR interval and RR high
-frequency (HF) variability during non-rapid eye movement (non REM) sleep (
stages I through IV) in young subjects. Aging suppresses deep sleep, but ef
fects of age-related changes in sleep architecture on RR are unknown. Wheth
er mechanical effects of changes in the breathing pattern on the sinus node
during sleep affect RR variability is unclear.
Methods and Results-Polygraphic sleep recordings and RR and RR spectral pro
files were determined in 8 young (22.5+/-3.3 years) and 8 older (55.0+/-7.3
years) healthy volunteers. HF oscillations in RR of 8 cardiac-denervated h
eart transplant recipients determined mechanical effects of respiration on
the sinoatrial node during sleep. Transition from wakefulness to non-REM sl
eep increased the RR interval in young and older subjects and increased the
HF variability of RR in the young (P<0.05) but not in the older subjects.
Older subjects disclosed a faster RR (P<0.01) and a lower HF variability (P
<0.05) during non-REM sleep than the young subjects. Aging did not affect l
ight and REM sleep but decreased deep sleep (stage IV) from 39+/-23 to 6+/-
6 minutes (P<0.001). Reduction in sleep stage IV with aging blunted the inc
rease in RR and in RR HF variability during non-REM sleep (r>0.55, P<0.05).
Transition from wakefulness to non-REM sleep doubled the markedly reduced
HF variability of RR in the heart transplant recipients (P<0.05).
Conclusions-Disappearance of deep sleep with aging impairs nocturnal increa
se in cardiac vagal activity. Mechanical effects of changes in breathing pa
ttern during sleep favor increases in HF oscillations of the RR interval du
ring non-REM sleep.