There has been no historically stable consensus about the relationship betw
een psychological and biological concepts and data. A naively reductionist
view of this relationship is prevalent in psychology, medicine, and basic a
nd clinical neuroscience. This view undermines the ability of psychology an
d related sciences to achieve their individual and combined potential. A no
ndualistic, nonreductionist, noninteractive perspective is recommended, wit
h psychological and biological concepts both having central, distinct roles
.