Trends in power system protection and control

As a consequence of deregulation, competition and problems in securing capi tal outlays for expansion of the infrastructure, modern power systems are o perating at ever-smaller capacity and stability margins. Traditional entiti es involved in securing adequate protection and control for the system may soon become inadequate, and the emergence of the new participants (non-util ity generation, transmission and distribution companies) requires coordinat ed approach and careful coordination of the new operating conditions. The p aper reviews the key issues and design considerations for the present and n ew generation of SPS and emergency control schemes, and evaluates the strat egies for their implementation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights r eserved.