Diagnosis and management of post-cesarean ureterouterine fistulae

Urinary leakage following obstetric or gynecologic surgery is a dreaded com plication, most often caused by a urogenital fistula. Of these, ureterouter ine fistulae are relatively rare and pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dile mma. A 29-year-old woman presented with paradoxical incontinence of urine f or 3 months. She had developed vaginal leakage of urine 2 weeks following a n uneventful cesarean section. Conservative measures in the form of cathete rization and bed rest did not relieve her symptoms. Subsequent examination and investigations revealed that she had a ureterouterine fistula, The case is discussed as well as the diagnostic modalities and treatment options.