Improving public participation in solving environmental health problems

The question of "what works" to encourage public participation in environme ntal health is increasingly important because the involvement of "outsiders " in government decision making is no longer unusual, While instincts about how to involve the public can be useful, social science research is better . In particular, a seminal report of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) on risks suggests a need to integrate scientific analysis with "deliberati on," a process for collectively considering issues. This paper reviews rece nt research in public participation and raises issues practitioners need to appreciate if they are to heed the NAS call about the importance of "getti ng the right participation" and "getting the participation right," Issues c overed include setting goals, selecting approaches, adapting participation, and appreciating the context for participation.