Monitoring cardiovascular changes during hemodialysis in children

Hemodialysis (HD) causes rapid volume shifts and circulatory changes. In ch ronic renal failure (CRF) Na+/K(+)ATP-ase is depressed, whereas endogenous digoxin-like factor (EDLF) is elevated. Our aim was to characterize HD-indu ced cardiovascular adaptation and its possible links to Na+/K(+)ATP-ase and EDLE Eleven children with CRF on HD (aged 14.7+/-3.7 years) and 11 healthy children were investigated for basic circulatory parameters. Thoracic impe dance (Zo) and circulatory parameters were monitored by impedance cardiogra phy (ICG) during HD. Erythrocyte Na+/K(+)ATP-ase and EDLF were measured bef ore and after HD. Up to the loss of 6% of total body weight, Zo rose linear ly with fluid removal, above this no further increase occurred. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were inversely related (r=-0.97); MAP rose in the first and decreased in the second part of HD. Systemic vascular res istance paralleled MAP, whereas stroke Volume rapidly decreased, but stabil ized in the second part of HD. The ratio of preejection period/ventricular ejection time (PEP/VET) correlated positively with HD duration (r=0.92), su ggesting diminished cardiac filling. Cardiac index (CI) remained stable. ED LF was high in uremia accompanied by depressed Na+/K(+)ATP-ase (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Following HD Na+/K(+)ATP-ase normalized. Correlation between Na+/K(+)ATP-ase activity and MAP was linear (r=0.85). In conclusio n, ICG during HD provides detailed information concerning circulatory adapt ation resulting in stable CI, suggesting that the dialysis-induced hypovole mia is compensated by the centralization of the blood volume. Changes of Na +/K(+)ATP-ase indicate that dialyzable blood pressure-regulating substance( s) inhibit(s) the pump. However, lack of further correlation between Na+/K( +)ATP-ase, EDLF, and cardiovascular parameters indicates the complexity of the regulatory processes.