The random walk's guide to anomalous diffusion: a fractional dynamics approach

Fractional kinetic equations of the diffusion, diffusion-advection,, and Fo kker-Planck type are presented as a useful approach for the description of transport dynamics in complex systems which are governed by anomalous diffu sion and non-exponential relaxation patterns. These fractional equations ar e derived asymptotically from basic random walk models, and from a generali sed master equation. Several physical consequences are discussed which are relevant to dynamical processes in complex systems. Methods of solution are introduced and for some special cases exact solutions are calculated, This report demonstrates that fractional equations have come of age as a comple mentary tool in the description of anomalous transport processes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.