Potentiation of effects of anticancer agents by local electric pulses in murine bladder cancer

Electrochemotherapy is a novel cancer treatment in which electric pulses (E P) are used as a means of delivering anticancer agents to the cytoplasm of cancer cells (electroporation). The present study evaluates whether electro chemotherapy has in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects in murine bladder cancer. Using mouse bladder tumor cells (MBT-2 cells), in vitro electrochem otherapy was performed by applying EP to the cell suspension immediately af ter the addition of anticancer agents. The cytotoxicity of adriamycin (ADM) , bleomycin (BLM) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) was determine d by measuring succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity in both electroporated and non-electroporated cells. In addition, intracellular concentrations of these anticancer agents were also measured. In the in vivo study, tumor-be aring C3H/He mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of antican cer agents followed by a local delivery of EP at the tumor site. Then, tumo r growth rate (TGR) was determined and compared to that in the sham-treated control group, the EP-only group and the drug-only group. The in vitro stu dy showed that, with electroporation, the cytotoxicity of BLM in electropor ated cells was increased by as much as 95.7-fold compared to that of non-el ectroporated MBT-2 cells; CDDP showed only an increase of 1.8-fold and ADM showed no increase. After electroporation, the intracellular concentration of BLM, CDDP and ADM showed an increase of 120-, 1.7- and 0.8-fold, respect ively. In electrochemotherapy for in vivo growing tumors, the potentiation of the antitumor effect was most prominent when combined with BLM, only sli ghtly with CDDP, and totally absent with ADM. It is clear from in vitro and in vivo studies that, in a murine bladder tumor, the anticancer effect of BLM can be considerably potentiated by applying EP. Thus, BLM seems to be t he most suitable anticancer agent for electrochemotherapy of bladder cancer .