Modelling the spin pulse profile of the isolated neutron star RX J0720.4-3125 observed with XMM-Newton

We model the spin pulse intensity and hardness ratio profiles of the isolat ed neutron star RX J0720.4-3125 using XMM-Newton data. The observed variati on is approximately sinusoidal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 15%, and th e hardness ratio is softest slightly before flux maximum. By using polar ca p models we are able to derive maximum polar cap sizes and acceptable viewi ng geometries. The inferred sizes of the caps turn out to be more compatibl e with a scenario in which the neutron star is heated by accretion, and pla ce limits on the magnetic field strength. The hardness ratio modulation can then be explained in terms of energy-dependent beaming effects, and this c onstrains the acceptable models of the emerging radiation to cases in which softer photons are more strongly beamed than harder photons. An alternativ e explanation in terms of spatially variable absorption co-rotating in the magnetosphere is also discussed.