The reception of mendelism in the United States, 1900-1930

Scholars have differed on the question of why Mendel's work was neglected b etween 1865 and 1900, and the (by contrast) relatively rapid acceptance of Mendelism in many countries after 1900. This paper focuses on two factors t hat have not been well explored in that debate. The first is that Mendelism fit perfectly into the atomistic philosophy associated with mechanistic ma terialism in western science, and thus was strongly promoted by a younger g roup of biologists around 1900 to raise the prestige of biology to the rigo rous level of the physical sciences. The second factor was that Mendelian t heory, with its experimental and predictive qualities, fit well into the ne w demands for industrialization of agriculture both to feed a growing urban population and to provide an arena for capital expansion. This paper propo ses that the early promotion of Mendelian research, by both private and pub lic funds, owed as much to economic and social as to biological causes. (C) 2000 Academie des sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicalcs Elsevier SA S.