Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, riskfactors, early interventions, and policy implications

An early onset of delinquency prior to age 13 years increases the risk of l ater serious, violent, and chronic offending by a factor of 2-3. Also child delinquents, compared to juveniles who start offending at a later age, ten d to have longer delinquent careers. This article summarizes the report of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Study Group on Very Young Offenders, chaired by Rolf Loeber and David P. Farrington. The S tudy Group, consisting of 16 scholars and 23 coauthors, worked for 2 years on preparing a report, undertaking extensive secondary data analyses, and w riting chapters in different speciality areas. The report consists of a sta te of the art review of the developmental background of child delinquents. The report also summarizes risk and protective factors in the individual, f amily, peer group, school, and neighborhood that affect that development. L astly, the report renews relevant preventive and remedial interventions in the juvenile justice system, families, peer groups, schools, and neighborho ods, and makes a case for improvement in the integration of services for ch ild delinquents. Policy recommendations are presented to improve methods of dealing with child delinquents by juvenile justice, child welfare, and men tal health agencies.