Laparoendoscopic renal surgery in children

Laparoscopic renal surgery in children has been slow to evolve, but further development is warranted. Dysplasia, obstruction, or reflux leading to non function are the most common indications for nephrectomy. Partial nephrecto my and reconstructive surgery can also be performed laparoscopically, Both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches can be used, with each havin g advantages and disadvantages. The future of pediatric laparoscopic renal surgery will be determined by technical and methodologic advances.