Human beta -defensin-1 (HBD-1) was detected in breast milk in concentration
s of similar to1 to 10 mug/mL. Breast tissue during lactation showed HBD-1
expression in mammary gland epithelia and within luminal secretions. The pe
ptide demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. HBD-1 m
ay augment neonatal host defenses through antimicrobial effects or prime th
e adaptive immune system at mucosal surfaces.