Ry. Litovsky et Bg. Shinn-cunningham, Investigation of the relationship among three common measures of precedence: Fusion, localization dominance, and discrimination suppression, J ACOUST SO, 109(1), 2001, pp. 346-358
Listeners have a remarkable ability to localize and identify sound sources
in reverberant environments. The term "precedence effect" (PE; also known a
s the "Haas effect," "law of the first wavefront," and ''echo suppression''
) refers to a group of auditory phenomena that is thought to be related to
this ability. Traditionally, three measures have been used to quantify the
PE: (1) Fusion: at short delays (1-5 ms for clicks) the lead and lag percep
tually fuse into one auditory event; (2) Localization dominance: the percei
ved location of the leading source dominates that of the lagging source; an
d (3) Discrimination suppression: at short delays, changes in the location
or interaural parameters of the lag are difficult to discriminate compared
with changes in characteristics of the lead. Little is known about the rela
tion among these aspects of the PE, since they are rarely studied in the sa
me listeners. In the present study, extensive measurements of these phenome
na were made for six normal-hearing listeners using I-ms noise bursts. The
results suggest that, for clicks, fusion lasts 1-5 ms; by 5 ms most listene
rs hear two sounds on a majority of trials. However, localization dominance
and discrimination suppression remain potent for delays of 10 ms or longer
. Results are consistent with a simple model in which information from the
lead and lag interacts perceptually and in which the strength of this inter
action decreases with spatiotemporal separation of the lead and lag. At sho
rt delays, lead and lag both contribute to spatial perception, but the lead
dominates (to the extent that only one position is ever heard). At the lon
gest delays tested, two distinct sounds are perceived las measured in a fus
ion task), but they are not always heard at independent spatial locations l
as measured in a localization dominance task). These results suggest that d
irectional cues from the lag are not necessarily salient for all conditions
in which the lag is subjectively heard as a separate event. (C) 2001 Acous
tical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.1328792].