A survey of feline babesiosis in South Africa

South Africa appears to be the only country where feline babesiosis is a si gnificant clinical entity in domestic cats. Little is known about its epide miology or the clinical challenges facing practitioners. A questionnaire po sted to 1760 South African veterinarians was returned by 16 %, representing approximately 40 % of practices. Just over half reported seeing feline bab esiosis, with most cases occurring in the coastal areas of the Western Cape , Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces. Overall incidence is highest in summer, but seasonality is less pronounced in non-seasonal and winter rain fall areas. No age, breed or sex predisposition was identified. Weight loss , weakness, anaemia, fever and icterus are common clinical findings. Compli cations include hepatopathy, renal failure, pulmonary oedema, cerebral sign s, immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and concurrent infections. The antiba besial drug of choice is primaquine phosphate. Response to therapy is gener ally good, but recurrence and chronic infections were identified as problem s. The average mortality rate was 15 %. Approximately 3000 cases are seen a nnually by the respondents, at an estimated cost of R750 000 to the owners. Feline babesiosis is a significant problem in South Africa, and further in vestigations of taxonomic status, concurrent infections, chemotherapy, comp lications and management of refractory cases are warranted.