Alcohol and college athletes

Purpose: This study examines heavy episodic alcohol consumption and associa ted harms in collegiate athletes in the United States. The factors which ma y promote or deter such use are explored. Methods: Randomly selected studen ts in a nationally representative sample of 4-yr colleges in the United Sta tes completed self-report questionnaires in the spring of 1997. Athletes we re defined as students who participated in one or more hours of intercolleg iate athletics per day. Heavy episodic or "binge" drinking for men was defi ned as consuming five or more alcoholic drinks on at least one occasion in the past 2 wk and four or more for women. Athletes were compared with other students at their colleges. Results: Athletes reported more binge drinking , heavier alcohol use, and a greater number of drinking-related harms. Athl etes are more likely to exhibit the strong social ties found to be associat ed with binge drinking. Athletes, despite drinking more heavily than other students, report greater exposure to alcohol prevention efforts and possess unique motivations to limit their alcohol use. Conclusions: Athletes are a high-risk group for binge drinking and alcohol-related harms. Although spe cial educational programs have targeted this group they have not sufficient ly impacted the problem. Future prevention efforts targeted for athletes sh ould address the unique social and environmental influences on athletes. Pr ograms should also take advantage of motives of athletes for self-limiting alcohol intake. Colleges, athletic departments, coaches, and sports medicin e professionals are urged to act to help reduce athletes risk of alcohol-re lated harms.