This paper presents a closed-form model for primary line constants, i.e., R
, L, C, and G, for a lossy microstrip line for CAD application. The present
model easily determines the microstrip line characteristics, i.e., the eff
ective dielectric constant, complex characteristic impedance, and total att
enuation due to dielectric and conductor losses. The model has an average a
ccuracy of 1% ns compared to the experimental results and the results of ot
her numerical methods. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.