On the basis of all accessible records from the literature and our own fiel
d observations and collections, the ecology of the rare myxomycete Barbeyel
la minutissima is described. Analysis of these data, derived mainly from th
e Northern Ammergauer Alps (Germany) and the Appalachian Mountains (USA: We
st Virginia, North Carolina), permit the microhabitat requirements of this
myxomycete and its ecological associations with other myxomycetes and bryop
hytes to be elucidated in some detail. Barbeyella minutissima appears to ha
ve a distribution centred in montane spruce-fir forests, where it is regula
rly associated with three other species of myxomycetes - Colloderma oculatu
m, Lamproderma columbinum, and Lepidoderma tigrinum. Several leafy liverwor
ts are associated with Barbeyella. Particularly noteworthy is Nowellia curv
ifolia, which seems to be an indicator organism for this myxomycete. A worl
d distribution map of Barbeyella minutissima is provided, along with conclu
sions relating to the putative range of the species.