Expectation and conditioning

We present a dynamical model that embodies both classical and instrumental conditioning paradigms in the same framework. The model is based on the for mation of expectations of stimuli and of rewards. The expectations of stimu li are formed in a recurrent process called expectation learning in which o ne activity pattern evokes another. The expectation of rewards or punishmen ts (motivation) is modelled using reinforcement learning. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.