Deschampsia antarctica Desv, (Poaceae) and Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Ba
rtl, (Cariophyllaceae) are the only two vascular plants that have colonized
the Maritime Antarctic, The primary purpose of the present work was to det
ermine cold resistance mechanisms in these two Antarctic plants. This was a
chieved by comparing thermal properties of leaves and the lethal freezing t
emperature to 50% of the tissue (LT50), The grass D, antarctica was able to
tolerate freezing to a lower temperature than C, quitensis. The main freez
ing resistance mechanism for C. quitensis is supercooling. Thus, the grass
is mainly a freezing-tolerant species, while C, quitensis avoids freezing.
D. antarctica cold acclimated by reducing its LT50, C. quitensis showed lit
tle cold-acclimation capacity. Because day length is highly variable in the
Antarctic, the effect of day length on freezing tolerance, growth, various
soluble carbohydrates, starch, and proline contents in leaves of D. antarc
tica growing in the laboratory under cold-acclimation conditions was studie
d. During the cold-acclimation treatment, the LT50 was lowered more effecti
vely under long day (21/3 h light/dark) and medium day (16/8) light periods
than under a short day period (8/16). The longer the day length treatment,
the faster the growth rate for both acclimated and non-acclimated plants.
Similarly, the longer the day treatment during cold acclimation, the higher
the sucrose content (up to 7-fold with respect to non-acclimated control v
alues). Oligo and polyfructans accumulated significantly during cold acclim
ation only with the medium day length treatment. Oligofructans accounted fo
r more than 80%, of total fructans, The degrees of polymerization were most
ly between 3 and 10, C, quitensis under cold acclimation accumulated a simi
lar amount of sucrose than D, antarctica, but no fructans were detected. Th
e suggestion that survival of Antarctic plants in the Antarctic could be at
least partially explained by accumulation of these substances is discussed
.