Duality of boiling systems and uncertainty phenomena

Interactions among dry patches at high heat flux are theoretically analyzed . The high heat flux boiling experiments on metal plate wall with different materials and thickness are correspondingly conducted. The duality of boil ing system, i.e. hydrodynamic performance and self-organized performance is identified. A unified explanation of hydrodynamic models and dry patches m odels is given. The scatter and uncertainty in boiling data can be mainly a ttributed to the intrinsic duality, but not the sole surface effects. The p resent experimental results explain why the deviation point at high flux bo iling is seen only on occasion and why the self-organization of dry patches is often ignored in available literature