Vector quantization of excitation gains in speech coding

In this paper, we consider vector quantization of excitation gains in code- excited linear predictive (CELP) speech coder using the average error in re construction of the excitation signal as the distortion measure and use the same measure to design the codebooks. We have derived a generalized Lloyd' s algorithm (GLA) to design a codebook for quantization so that the average of the above criterion over the training vectors is minimized. We have als o derived an algorithm, referred to as the Genetic GLA (GGLA), that can be shown to converge to the global optimum of the associated functional with p robability one. The performance of ACELP using the codebooks obtained by th e proposed algorithms is compared with that of the conjugate-structured ACE LP-based ITU-T G.729 coder. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons show t hat their qualities are comparable. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All righ ts reserved.