Detection of changes in the summer precipitation time series of the regionEmilia-Romagna, Italy

The main characteristics of the spatial and temporal variability of summer precipitation observed in 40 rainfall stations of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy, are analysed for the period 1922 to 1995. Non-parametri c tests and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis were used as tools in order to achieve the paper's objective. The Pettitt and Mann-Kendall te sts detect shift points and trends in the precipitation time series, respec tively, while the EOF analysis reveals the main characteristics of spatial variability. The Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) was used to detect the inhomogeneity of the data set. Almost all stations exhibit an increasing trend with a systematic significa nt upward shift around 1962. The climate signal is more significant in the north-western, central and north-eastern part of the region, and the spatia l extension strongly depends on the network density and the time period ana lysed. The change in summer precipitation is mainly due to a change during August and is confirmed by the SNHT test which does not reveal an inhomogen eity in the series. The first EOF pattern indicates that a common large-scale process could be responsible for summer precipitation variability in the Emilia-Romagna regi on. The second EOF pattern shows an opposite sign of climate variability be tween north-western and south-eastern areas. The Apennine mountains show th e largest climate variability in the summer precipitation field.