Diurnal metabolic profiles after 14 d of an ad libitum high-starch, high-sucrose, or high-fat diet in normal weight never-obese and postobese women

Background: The influence of the amount and type of carbohydrates in the di et on risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease remain s unclear. Objective: We investigated the effects of 2 low-fat diets (high-sucrose and high-starch) and a high-fat diet on glycemia, lipidemia, and hormonal resp onses in never-obese and postobese women. Design: Eighteen normal-weight women (8 postobese and 10 never-obese) consu med 3 ad libitum diets (high-fat, high-starch, and high-sucrose) for 14 d e ach. On day 15, we measured fasting and postprandial glucose, lactate, insu lin, triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glycerol, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and glucagonlike peptide 1. Results: The high-sucrose diet induced significantly lower total areas unde r the curve (AUCs) for glucose and NEFA and a significantly higher lactate AUC than did the high-fat and high-starch diets; there were no significant differences in the insulin AUCs. The triacylglycerol AUC was greater with t he high-fat and high-sucrose diets than with the high-starch diet. Gastroin testinal hormone concentrations differed between diets, but not between the 2 subject groups. Comparisons between subject groups for all diets combine d showed lower relative insulin resistance and lower AUCs for glucose, insu lin, and triacylglycerol in the postobese group. Conclusions: High-starch and high-sucrose diets had no adverse effects on p ostprandial glycemia, insulinemia, or lipidemia compared with a high-fat di et. A sucrose-rich diet may improve glucose metabolism, but may have an adv erse effect on lipidemia, compared with a starch-rich diet. Postobese women seemed to be more insulin-sensitive acid more efficient at storing triacyl glycerol than were never-obese women, regardless of dietary composition.