The therapeutic efficacy of human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1) against expe
rimental tuberculosis in mice on the basis of numbers of CFU has been exami
ned. Mice infected with 1.5 x 10(4) CFU of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)
Rv and treated with different doses of HNP-1 injected subcutaneously exhibi
ted significant clearance of bacilli from lungs, livers, and spleens. There
were time- and dose-dependent decreases in the bacillary load in lungs, li
vers, and spleens of the HNP-1-treated animals compared to that in controls
(untreated animals). These observations strongly suggest the therapeutic a
ctivity of HNP-1 against tuberculosis.