Does culture moderate the relationship between sexual orientation and gender-related personality traits?

Do cultural factors moderate the relationship between sexual orientation an d gender-related personality traits? To answer this question, the authors a ssessed gender-related traits in 90 gay men, 82 lesbians, 71 heterosexual m en, and 95 heterosexual women from three cultural groups: Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and White Americans. Among the gender-related traits me asured were gender diagnosticity (GD), which assesses male-versus female-ty picality of occupational and hobby preferences; self-ascribed masculinity a nd femininity; masculine instrumentality; and feminine expressiveness. We f ound strong homosexual-heterosexual differences on GD measures, moderate to strong differences in self-ascribed masculinity and femininity, and weak a nd inconsistent differences on instrumentality and expressiveness. Particip ants from traditional, gender-polarized cultures (Asians and Hispanics) ten ded to show larger heterosexual-homosexual differences in gender-related tr aits than participants from a nontraditional and gender-nonpolarized cultur e (American Whites).