Heterogeneous distribution of AMPA glutamate receptor subunits at the photoreceptor synapses of rodent retina

In the retina the segregation of different aspects of visual information st arts at the first synapse in signal transfer from the photoreceptors to the second-order neurons, via the neurotransmitter glutamate. We examined the distribution of the four AMPA glutamate receptor subunits GluR1-GluR4 at th e photoreceptor synapses in mouse and rat retinae by light and immunoelectr on microscopy and serial section reconstructions. On the dendrites of OFF-c one bipolar cells, which make flat, noninvaginating contacts postsynaptic a t cone synaptic terminals, the subunits GluR1 and GluR2 were predominantly found. Horizontal cell processes postsynaptic at both rod and cone synaptic terminals preferentially expressed the subunits GluR2, GluR2/3 and GluR4. An intriguing finding was the presence of GluR2/3 and GluR4 subunits on den drites of putative rod bipolar cells, which are thought to signal through t he sign-inverting metabotropic glutamate receptor 6, mGluR6. Furthermore, a t the rod terminals, horizontal cell processes and rod bipolar cell dendrit es showed labelling for the AMPA receptor subunits at the ribbon synaptic s ite or perisynaptically at their site of invagination into the rod terminal . The wide distribution of AMPA receptor subunits at the photoreceptor syna pses suggests that AMPA receptors play an important role in visual signal t ransfer from the photoreceptors to their postsynaptic partners.