A new method of endoscopic ultrasonography during endoscopic bypass graftin
g is described. Using a 7.5 MHz ultrasonic catheter (AcuNav, Acuson, Mounta
in View, CA) that was introduced through a 5mm port and manipulated by robo
tically enhanced endoscopic instruments, detection of the internal thoracic
artery (ITA) and the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was possible th
rough layers of fat and muscle in a canine model.