Simulation of sheet metal forming by a one-step approach: choice of element

Based on a one-step simulation algorithm and the program developed, a new f inite element approach is introduced for the direct prediction of blank sha pes and strain distributions for desired final shapes in sheet metal formin g. In the numerical simulation, the choice of optimal element plays an impo rtant role and is related to the accuracy and effectiveness of solving the problems. Since a one-step approach needs to predict the initial blank shap e and the thickness distribution in a deformed part rapidly, the applicatio n of the DKT shell element including bending effects is preferable because of its simplicity and effectiveness. As a result, new and compact formulati ons of this element are given in this paper Formulations of a one-step simu lation are also revised. Results from the deep drawing of square and cylind rical cups using the DKT shell and membrane element are compared with the a vailable experimental data. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reser ved.