Weekly supplementation with iron and vitamin A during pregnancy increases hemoglobin concentration but decreases serum ferritin concentration in Indonesian pregnant women

We investigated whether weekly iron supplementation was as effective as the national daily iron supplementation program in Indonesia in improving iron status at near term in pregnancy. In addition, we examined whether weekly vitamin A and iron supplementation was more efficacious than weekly supplem entation with iron alone. One group of pregnant women (n = 122) was supplem ented weekly with iron (120 mg Fe as FeSO4) and folic acid (500 mug); anoth er group (n = 121) received the same amount of iron and folic acid plus vit amin A [4800 retinol equivalents (RE)]. A third ("daily") group (n = 123), participating in the national iron plus folic acid supplementation program, was also recruited. Data on subjects with complete biochemical data are re ported (n = 190). At near term, hemoglobin concentrations increased, wherea s serum ferritin concentrations decreased significantly in the weekly vitam in A and iron group, suggesting that vitamin A improved utilization of iron for hematopoiesis. Iron status in the weekly iron group was not different from that of the "daily" group. However, iron status decreased with daily s upplementation if <50 iron tablets were ingested. Serum transferrin recepto r concentrations increased in all groups (P < 0.01). Serum retinol concentr ations were maintained in the weekly vitamin A and iron group, but decrease d in the other two groups (P < 0.01). Thus, delivery of iron supplements on a weekly basis can be as effective as on a daily basis if compliance can b e ensured. Addition of vitamin A to the supplement improved hemoglobin conc entration.