Over the last decade significant progress in optoelectronic devices and the
ir integration techniques have made free-space optical interconnects (FSOI)
one of the few physical approaches that can potentially address the increa
singly complex communication requirements at the board and chip levels. In
this paper, we review the advances made and discuss future research directi
ons needed to bring FSOI to the realm of practice. (C) 2001 Elsevier Scienc
e Ltd. All rights reserved.