Design a very-wide-range VCO

VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED oscillators (VCOs) are ubiquitous and pervasive componen ts in the design of today's wireless systems. A very-wide-range voltage-con trolled oscillator that exhibits good frequency and amplitude stability ove r its entire frequency span is an important component in a large number of RF and microwave applications. Wide-pull, phase-locked loops (PLLs), for ex ample, incorporate a single, continuously tuned VCO and broadband sweep gen erators with good stability. (1,2).