S. Mespoulet et al., Design, development, and implementation of test methods for determination of through thickness properties of laminated composites, PLAS RUB C, 29(9), 2000, pp. 496-502
Test methods for the measurement of through thickness elastic and strength
characteristics of laminated composites in tension, compression, and shear
have been investigated. Each method studied involved finite element analysi
s and practical testing on unidirectional carbon-epoxy laminated specimens.
Tensile and compressive methods involved the direct loading of a parallel
sided block for determination of elastic constants and a waisted specimen w
ith square cross-section for the measurement of elastic constants and stren
gth. Experimental results validated the numerical studies. The shear method
consisted of a specimen bonded between steel plates, which were loaded in
compression, inducing shear stresses in the specimen. Two specimen designs
were developed. The first, for measurement of shear moduli only, was a para
llel sided block. Specimen length and thickness were optimised for two fibr
e directions. The second design, for measurement of shear strengths, was a
waisted specimen sandwiched between two epoxy blocks and subjected to a com
bination of sheer and transverse compressive loading. Tests confirmed the v
alidity of the shear moduli measurements. However, it was found that a purl
shear failure mode was not achievable. Failure always occurred by a combin
ation of sheer and transverse tension.