Eh. Ip et N. Lalwani, A note on the geometric interpretation of the EM algorithm in estimating item characteristics and student abilities, PSYCHOMETRI, 65(4), 2000, pp. 533-537
This note uses the EM-algorithm in an item response model as an illustratio
n of a general method of parameter estimation, which geometrically can be d
escribed as an alternating projection method.