On the state of the art: risk communication to decision-makers

This paper reviews the state of the art on risk communication to decision-m akers, with an emphasis on issues involved in communicating technical resul ts. In particular, the paper discusses the treatment of uncertainty, variab ility, and dependence. It also reviews suggestions from the literature rega rding the appropriate format of risk communication messages to decision-mak ers. Due to the lack of detailed empirical investigations and definitive re sults about this topic, the paper is not intended to be a comprehensive rev iew, but rather as an exploration of key issues in this area. (C) 2001 Else vier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.