Small- and-large area Cu(In,Ga)Se-2- based solar cells, as well as 20 cm(2)
mini-modules are produced using a "baseline" approach that privileges proc
ess simplicity and statistical significance. High-quality devices are contr
ollably obtained, as well as a 14.7% world record mini-module. Both "grided
" and "conventional" mini-modules are produced and compared. A few processe
s from our research areas are presented as candidates for baseline integrat
ion. Among these, the examples of "fast" CIGS and "thin" CIGS are shown. Fo
r the latter, Ga-grading is involved and fill factors above 81% have been m
easured. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.