Evaluation of effective shading factor by fitting a clear-day pattern obtained from hourly maximum irradiance data

The authors have developed the sophisticated verification (SV) method, whic h can evaluate involving performance ratio, power conditioner efficiency, t emperature factor, shading factor, load matching factor and other array par ameter. So, we also have ensured adequacies of the evaluation of PV systems . However, the originally proposed method accepts PV installations facing t he south only. In this paper, we have modified the SV method by taking into account the arbitrary orientation and inclination, because of improved the accuracy of evaluation. Therefore, the shading effect can be intelligible for each hour. The maximum value of shading losses reached 13.1%. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.