PCR screening for common weak D types shows different distributions in three Central European populations

BACKGROUND: DNA sequencing showed RHD mutations for all weak D phenotypes i nvestigated in a study from Southwestern Germany. Molecular classification of weak D offers a more reliable basis than serotyping and is relevant for optimal D transfusion strategies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Sequence-specific primers were designed to detect weak D types 1 to 5 and the partial D phenotype HMI in a modular set for c onventional PCR analysis. Alternatively, all reactions were multiplexed int o a single tube, and the products were identified after automated capillary electrophoresis by their size and fluorescence. Weak D phenotype samples f rom 436 donors in the Tyrol (Austria) and Northern Germany were investigate d by PCR. RESULTS: More than 90 percent of the weak D types identified by PCR represe nted type 1, 2, or 3. The distribution among the common types varied betwee n the Tyrol and Northern Germany (p<0.0001). Three new RHD alleles were ide ntified. CONCLUSION: A PCR method of detecting the common weak D types was validated . This PGR system introduces a simple and rapid tool for routine DNA typing of weak D samples. The results confirmed that all weak D phenotype samples identified by current serologic criteria carry altered D proteins.