Vocational preference and P-O fit: Reflections on Holland's theory of vocational choice

It is 40 years since Holland first proposed his theory of vocational choice . In that period it is probably true to say that it has attracted more rese arch than any other vocational guidance measure. This paper looks at the ce ntral concept in his theory (congruence) and other areas of vocational guid ance, namely "fit". It also looks at current research issues relating to Ho lland's theory. Particular attention is paid to the research papers that ex amine the overlap between the six (RAISEC) personality types of Holland and the consensually accepted "Big Five" factor view of personality theorists. Finally a summary of the major theoretical, empirical, and methodological problems in the area is discussed.