Treatment of tooth fracture by medium-energy CO2 laser and DP-bioactive glass paste: the interaction of enamel and DP-bioactive glass paste during irradiation by CO2 laser

Acute trauma or trauma associated with occlusal disturbance can produce too th crack or fracture. Although several methods are proposed to treat the de fect, however. the prognosis is generally poor. If the fusion of a tooth fr acture by laser is possible, it will offer an alternative to extraction or at least serve as an adjunctive treatment in the reconstruction. We have tr ied to use a continuous-wave CO2 laser and a newly developed DP-bioactive g lass paste (DPGP) to fuse or bridge tooth crack or fracture lines. Both the DP-bioactive glass paste and tooth enamel have strong absorption bands at the wavelength of 10.6 mum. Therefore, under CO2 laser, DPGP acid enamel sh ould have an effective absorption and melt together. The interface between DPGP and enamel could be regarded as a mixture of DPGP and enamel (DPG-E). The study focused on the phase transformation, microstructure, functional g roup and thermal behavior of DPG-E with or without CO2 laser irradiation. b y the analytical techniques of XRD, FTIR, DTA/TGA. and SEM. The results of XRD showed that the main crystal phase in the DPG-E was dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4. 2H(2)O). It changed into CaHPO4, gamma -Ca2P2O7, beta - Ca2P2O7 and finally alpha -Ca2P2O7 with increasing temperature. In the FTIR analysis, the 720 cm(-1) absorption band ascribed to the P-O-P linkage in pyrophosphate rose up and the intensities of the OH- bands reduced after la ser irradiation. In regard to the results of DTA/TGA after irradiation, the weight loss decreased due to the removal of part of absorption water and c rystallization water by the CO2 laser. SEM micrographs revealed that the me lted masses and the plate-like crystals formed a tight chemical bond betwee n the enamel and DPGP. We expect that DPGP with the help of CO2 laser can b e an alternative to the treatment of tenth crack or fracture. (C) 2001 Publ ished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.