Osseous anatomy of the scapula

Detailed anatomy and morphometry of the scapula were obtained to provide in formation for surgical procedures such as hardware fixation, drill hole pla cement, arthroscopic portal placement, and prosthetic positioning. Twenty-s ix measurements were made in 15 pairs of scapulas from cadavers. The averag e length of the scapulas from the superior to the inferior angle was 155 +/ - 16 mm (mean +/- standard deviation). The thickness of the medial border 1 cm from the edge was 4 +/- 1 mm. The superior border was sharp and thin, a nd the suprascapular notch was present as a foramen in two scapulas. The di stance from the base of the suprascapular notch to the superior rim of the glenoid was 32 +/- 3 mm. The length of the spine from the medial edge of th e scapula to the lateral edge of the acromion was 134 +/- 12 mm. The antero posterior width of the spine at 1 and 4 cm from the medial edge was 7 +/- 1 and 18 +/- 3 mm, respectively; the width at the lateral edge (spinoglenoid notch) was 46 +/- 6 mm, The acromion measured 48 +/- 5 mm x 22 +/- 4 mm an d was 9 +/- 1 mm thick. The acromial shape was flat in 23%, curved in 63%, and hooked in 14% of scapulas. The distance from the glenoid to the acromio n was 16 +/- 2 mm. The glenoid dimensions were 29 +/- 3 mm (anteroposterior ) x 36 +/- 4 mm (superoinferior) and faced posterior by 8 +/- 4 degrees. An teroposterior thickness of the head of the scapula 1 cm from the surface wa s 22 +/- 4 mm. The thickness of the coracoid was 11 +/- 1 mm. The average l ength of the coracoacromial ligament was 27 +/- 5 mm. Scapulas from male ca davers were significantly larger than scapulas from female cadavers in 19 m easurements.