Ki. Bakhov et al., Temporal characteristics of runaway electrons in electron-neutral collision-dominated plasma of dense gases. Monte Carlo calculations., IEEE PLAS S, 28(4), 2000, pp. 1254-1262
Electron runaway rates, and runaway delay time, runaway threshold energies
were obtained from Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the field domains 35-400
kV/cm and 240-400 kV/cm, respectively, for helium and nitrogen at 1 ATM, M
C simulations disprove all available analytical theories that ignore angula
r scattering of electrons, with the sole exception of Gurevich's theory for
helium, in which angular scattering is relatively weak.