Real-time multiple linear regression for fMRI supported by time-aware acquisition and processing

Real-time parametric statistical analysis of functional MRI (fMRI) data wou ld potentially enlarge the scope of experimentation and facilitate its appl ication to clinical populations. A system is described that addresses the n eed for rapid analysis of fMRI data and lays the foundation for dealing wit h problems that impede the application of fMRI to clinical populations. The system, I/OWA (Input/Output time-aWare Architecture), combines a general a rchitecture for sampling and time-stamping relevant information channels in fMRI (image acquisition, stimulation, subject responses, cardiac and respi ratory monitors, etc.) and an efficient approach to manipulating these data , featuring incremental subsecond multiple linear regression. The advantage s of the system are the simplification of event timing and efficient and un ified data formatting, Substantial parametric analysis can be performed and displayed in realtime. Immediate (replay) and delayed off-line analysis ca n also be performed with the same interface. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated in normal subjects using a polar visual angle phase mappi ng paradigm. The system provides a time-accounting infrastructure that read ily supports standard and innovative approaches to fMRI, Magn Reson Med 45: 289-298, 2001, (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.