A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors

Aim: To carry out a prospective study of cardiac arrest survivors to unders tand the qualitative features as well as incidence, and possible aetiology of near death experiences (NDEs) in this group of patients. Methods: All su rvivors of cardiac arrests during a 1 year period were interviewed within a week of their arrest, regarding memories of their unconscious period. Repo rted memories were assessed by the Greyson NDE Scale. The postulated role o f physiological, psychological and transcendental factors were studied. Phy siological parameters such as oxygen status were extracted from the medical notes. patients' religious convictions were documented in the interviews a nd hidden targets were used to test the transcendental theories on potentia l out of body claims. Those with memories were compared to those without me mories. Results: 11.1% of 63 survivors reported memories. The majority had NDE features. There appeared to be no differences on all physiological meas ured parameters apart from partial pressure of oxygen during the arrest whi ch was higher in the NDE group. Conclusions: Memories are rare after resusc itation from cardiac arrest. The majority of those that are reported have f eatures of NDE and are pleasant. The occurrence of NDE during cardiac arres t raises questions about the possible relationship between the mind and the brain. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand the aetiology and true significance of NDE. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All ri ghts reserved.