Occult stress urinary incontinence and the effect of vaginal vault prolapse on abdominal leak point pressures

Objectives. To compare the difference in abdominal leak point pressures (AL PPs) between patients with large cystoceles and severe vaginal vault prolap se and to assess the frequency of occult stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in these groups. Methods. A total of 24 adult female patients with pelvic prolapse underwent prospective fluorourodynamic testing to determine the change in ALPP with and without reduction of the pelvic prolapse. Twelve patients had grade III -IV vaginal vault prolapse and 12 had large cystoceles without vault prolap se. ALPP testing was performed with the prolapse unreduced and then reduced using gauze packing and a vaginal speculum. Results. In patients with vault prolapse, the frequency of occult SUI was 5 0% (6 of 12) and the mean decrease in ALPP was 59 cm H2O after prolapse red uction. In the patients with cystocele, all patients had overt SUI, and the mean change in ALPP was 11 cm H2O after prolapse reduction. A component of intrinsic sphincter deficiency was identified in 9 (75%) of 12 women with vault prolapse after reduction, and 8 (66%) of 12 women with no vault prola pse had a component of intrinsic sphincter deficiency before reduction, wit h an additional 2 (17%) of 12 patients after reduction. Conclusions. There is a high incidence of occult SUI in patients with vault prolapse and the ALPP after reduction is decreased to a much greater degre e in patients with vaginal vault prolapse than in patients with cystocele a lone. By reducing the pelvic prolapse during urodynamic testing, an accurat e ALPP can be obtained, allowing the appropriate incontinence procedure to be performed. UROLOGY 57: 40-44, 2001. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.