Applications of transgenic and knockout mice in alcohol research

Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of alcoholism. Researchers attempting to elucidate the roles of specific gene s in alcoholism risk have benefited from advances in genetic engineering. T wo important fools used by researchers include transgenic mice, in which a foreign gene is integrated into an animal's genetic material, and knockout/ knock-in mice, in which targeted genes either are rendered nonfunctional or are altered Both of these animal models are currently used in alcohol rese arch to determine how genes may influence the development of alcoholism in humans.