The undulation pump is a small continuous flow displacement-type blood pump
. The undulation pump total artificial heart (UPTAH) is a unique implantabl
e total artificial heart using undulation pumps. An adult female goat weigh
ing 45.8 kg was used for implantation. The natural heart was replaced with
the UPTAH under extracorporal circulation. The cardiac output (CO) was main
tained to 100 ml/kg/min by controlling the right pump manually. To prevent
lung edema, the left pump was controlled automatically to maintain the left
atrial pressure below 20 mm Hg. The CO was maintained for 2 weeks. Thereaf
ter, the CO gradually decreased. The goat suddenly died because of a brain
stroke on the 31st postoperative day. At autopsy, the cavity of the left at
rial cuff was almost occupied by the big pannus-like thrombus, which was th
ought to be the cause of death. Improvement of the atrial cuff is necessary
to obtain longer survival and is being modified. No thrombus was found ins
ide the pumps. However, temperature rise in a left motor was a problem. Imp
rovement of the efficiency in a motor is necessary. Although many problems
still remained, 1 month survival could be obtained with this unique implant
able TAH using continuous flow displacement-type blood pumps.