Population trends of resident wildebeest [Connochaetes taurinus hecki (Neumann)] and factors influencing them in the Masai Mara ecosystem, Kenya

Population trends of resident wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus hecki (Neum ann)) and factors influencing them in Masai Mara ecosystem between 1977 and 1997 were investigated. Population trends were analyzed using aerial censu s data collected through systematic reconnaissance flights. Aerial censuses pertaining to resident wildebeest populations (non-migratory) were identif ied from migratory populations through spatial analysis. Regression analysi s was used for population trend analysis. The impact of land use changes on wildebeest population was analyzed by comparing changes in wildebeest dens ities in cropped and non-cropped areas. Relationship between population siz e and rainfall fluctuations was used to assess the influence of rainfall on trends. Comparison of cattle densities in cropped and non-cropped areas wa s used to get an insight into possible competition between cattle and wilde beest for food, The results show that resident wildebeest population in the Masai Mara ecosystem has declined from about 119.000 in 1977 to about 22,0 00 in 1997, an 81% decline. The decline is mainly attributed to loss of for mer resident wildebeest wet season grazing, calving and breeding ranges to agriculture. Rainfall fluctuations and possible competition between wildebe est and cattle during periods of limited food resources may have further co ntributed to the decline, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserve d.