Effectiveness of apraclonidine 1% in preventing intraocular pressure rise following macular hole surgery

Aim-To determine the efficacy of apraclonidine hydrochloride 1% in preventi ng intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes following idiopathic macular hole (IMH ) surgery with platelet adjunct and intraocular gas tamponade. Methods-This is a prospective, double masked, randomised study to compare a praclonidine hydrochloride 1%, an a, agonist, with a placebo in the prevent ion of IOP rises following macular hole surgery. Each patient was randomly selected to receive either the study drug or the placebo; one drop was inst illed in the conjunctival sac 2 hours preoperatively and on completion of t he procedure. IOP was measured at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 hours, an d 2 weeks postoperatively. Blood pressure and heart rate were also recorded at baseline and at 3 and 24 hours postoperatively. Macular hole repair sur gery was performed as standardised in the unit with a vitrectomy, platelet concentrate, and complete fill of the vitreous cavity with perfluoropropane gas (C3F8) at a concentration of 16%. Results-25 patients (26 eyes) were enrolled. 12 eyes received apraclonidine hydrochloride 1% (mean age 70.7; range 62-78 years) and 14 eyes received t he placebo (mean age 70.0; range 57-81 years). At baseline evaluation the m ean IOP was 15.6 mm Hg for the study group and 14.3 mm Hg for the placebo g roup. The mean postoperative IOP at 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours was 10.6, 9.6, 8.2, and 14.0 mm Hg in the apraclonidine group. In the contr ol group at the same time intervals the mean IOP was 23.4, 17.5, 19.2, and 24.7 mm Hg. These readings were statistically significant different: 1 hour (p=0.0001); 3 hours (p=0.0015); 6 hours (p<0.0001); and 24 hours (p=0.019) , the readings at 48 hours and 2 weeks were not statistically significant d ifferent (p=0.15 and p=0.59). Only one of the patients in the study group h ad an IOP above 25 mm Hg at any time. In the control group an IOP above 25 mm Hg was found in seven patients (50%) at the 1 hour postoperative measure ment. At 2 weeks the IOP was recorded below 25 mm Hg in all patients. No st atistically significantly difference was noted between the two groups regar ding the systolic or diastolic blood pressure values and the heart rate rec ords. No local or systemic adverse reactions were observed. Conclusions-Apraclonidine hydrochloride 1% appears to be an efficacious and safe drug in the prophylaxis of early postoperative IOP elevations in pati ents undergoing macular hole surgery.